SOFTWARE ENABLES REAL-TIME VIDEO ON THE INTERNET
 
     COLUMBUS, Ohio -- Ohio State University researchers have developed software that transmits video signals in real time over the Internet.
     The software seems to provide a smoother and clearer picture than other real-time video programs available.  It may one day enable practical video conferencing on standard desktop computers.
     Because of heavy traffic, the Internet can’t carry the massive amounts of data necessary for smooth, sharp video signals.  Today's software compresses video data into tiny packages and sends it over the Internet, but viewers can only play it back after they've downloaded an entire video.  Not only is such video communication not real-time, but the image lacks clarity.  Ohio State researchers may have found a way around this problem.
     "Our goal was to compress the data and still have very high image quality once the signal is reconstructed -- and to do this
very fast, so that people on their computers can see a video of something as it is happening," said Yuan F. Zheng, chair and professor of electrical engineering.
     For this work, Zheng and his colleagues -- students Cheng-Jiang Lin and Daji Qiao, and Chun-Li Pei, a visiting professor from China -- took a complicated computer algorithm called a wavelet transform and simplified it.  Wavelet algorithms produce high-quality video images, but take a long time to calculate on a normal desktop computer.  But Ohio State's wavelet algorithm computes much quicker -- 0.05 seconds for a 2 inch by 2 inch video image, Zheng said.
     The researchers are now making efforts to identify the parts of a video image that change from frame to frame so that the data can be further compressed.  For instance, in a video of a person speaking, only the person moves, and the background stays the same.  To save time, wavelet algorithms transform only the part of the picture that has changed, and transmit only the data for that part.
     While some computer chip manufacturers have already developed chips specifically for wavelet compression, each chip costs abut $100, and a number of chips are needed for a compression system.
     "We feel that our software offers an advantage because any desktop PC can use it without additional hardware," said Zheng.
     "Basically, we modified a wavelet algorithm so the computation is very fast for images measuring about 2 inches by 2 inches," said Zheng.  "And we only need 0.05 seconds to compress the data of a 2 inch by 2 inch window.  That lets us show 20 frames per second.  We've overcome computation speed, so now we can use wavelets do real-time video compression."
     Compression makes the amount of data very small.  For example, the Ohio State software could compress data sent over the Internet into packages one-tenth of their original size, so in transit the packages would require only one-tenth of their original space.  Then a destination computer could decompress the signal and reconstruct the image.
     Since millions of people use the Internet at the same time, phone lines become crowded with data and there's less room for video to squeeze through.  But because this software compresses video data into a fraction of its normal size, Internet congestion becomes less of a problem.
     "Even with congestion on the Internet, we can send more frames per second than uncompressed video," said Zheng.  And the more frames the software sends per second, the smoother and better quality the image
     The current prototype version of the software can transmit a video image of about 4 square inches.  In early April, Zheng and his colleagues ran a successful demonstration of the prototype software with another office across the university campus.
     "We hope that in the future our software will be as useful as live TV, but on the Internet," said Zheng.

Contact: Yuan F. Zheng, (614) 292-2571; Zheng.5@osu.edu
Written by Pam Frost, (614) 292-9475; Frost.18@osu.edu


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