This is the picture the researchers used in their experiment. They viewed the picture on a computer screen at different angles and conducted two types of analysis to determine how their perception of the picture changed when they viewed it from different vantage points.
This is how one of the researchers viewed the near points and far points of the torso when viewed at different angles. The results reveal that the ridges and ruts appeared the same no matter the vantage point for the observer.
This shows the “gauge figure” analysis that the researchers did. On the left picture, two gauges are shown. The right gauge shows a visual fit, with the needle sticking out at right angles with the surface. This is what the researchers were aiming for. In the middle is shown the immediate results of one of these sessions. The right picture shows the results of the analysis in profile.

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